Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. English colonization and the introduction of new crops took place alongside a wider process now termed the Columbian exchange, the exchange of plants, animals, microbes, and people between Europe and the Americas. Richard Hakluyt Biography and Significance - Study.com "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt, History Today - The Architect of English Expansion, Encyclopedia of Virginia - Biography of Richard Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). 828829. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. Richard Hakluyt, Chicken Little, and the Ends of Atlantic History . The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt pp. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. IvyPanda. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. . "[11] Hakluyt held on to his studentship at Christ Church between 1577 and 1586, although after 1583 he was no longer resident in Oxford. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. The Discourse, a secret report, was not printed until 1877. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (15891600). 2. This essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View was written and submitted by your fellow Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. [10], In the late 1590s Hakluyt became the client and personal chaplain of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Lord Burghley's son, who was to be Hakluyt's most fruitful patron. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com Jan has taught history at the university level. We utilize security vendors that protect and Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. The year was 1591 or 1592. the Newfound Landes (London, 1583), in The . PDF Grade 5 United States History and Geography I. Standards Assessed A man named Walter Hakelut was knighted in the 34th year of Edward I (1305) and later killed at the Battle of Bannockburn, and in 1349 Thomas Hakeluyt was chancellor of the diocese of Hereford. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. Westminster School named a house after him as recognition of achievement of an Old Westminster. 1. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Reasons for Colonization 1. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. English Perceptions of Treachery, 1583-1640: The Case of the - JSTOR While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Vol. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. 4. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Richard Hakluyt. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. He became acquainted with the most important sea captains and merchants of England and . Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . While in Oxford, Hakluyt worked with foremost geographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Gerardus Mercator. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. All rights reserved. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. Both nations appear to be in stiff competition for resources found in native America. IvyPanda. Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. [10], Hakluyt was ordained in 1578, the same year he began to receive a "pension" from the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers to study divinity. Richard Hakluyt - Wikipedia That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. 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