Prehistoric creature related to the modern squid found in - SFGATE Lateral view of a right valve, PCM O FS68. ; in orange: H. siciliiensis n.sp. Dimensions. 3-4. Genus Renngartenella Schneider 1957 (inMandelstam et al., 1957), Renngartenella sanctaecrusisKristan-Tollmann (1973). According to many authors, the Mufara basin is located in a transitional position between the bathyal Neotethys facies to the south and southeast and the carbonate platforms that surround it (Figs. 6, fig. 4: 1893: Tropites subbullatus Mojsisovics: 1905: Tropites subbullatus Hyatt and Smith p. 67 figs. Korn, Dieter ; Kozur: 15-16, figs. H=412569m; L=812969m. J: Bairdia cf. ; Kollmann: 177-178, pl. Massive stocky carapace with a symmetric triangular shape; quite symmetric relative to H max; general shape of valves similar, but LV is significantly larger than RV and radius of curvature of PB smaller than anterior one; LV overlaps RV all around the carapace with minimum at PVB; maximum of H located at mid L or in front of mid L; maximum of L at mid H or a little belowmid H; VB quite straight; presence of a very fine flattening at AB of RV in blade shape and a spine located near the maximum of convexity of AB; two more or less distinct spines at PVB of RV; one spine at AB of LV; dorsal view biconvex with valves almost symmetric in shape and W max at or just behind mid L; surface seems to be smooth. 6A-B. This biodiversity testifies normal marine conditions and absence of environmental stress. Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. monostorii Forel and Grdinaru (2018). 1). As they are stratigraphicaly very close and the number of specimens is quite low, we consider here the ostracod assemblages of both samples in all. 1). This species is extinct. The Palaeozoic forms are considered to belong to the subfamily Healdiinae Harlton (1933). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Margarobairdia zapfeiKristan-Tollmann (1983) from the Anisian of South China (Kristan-Tollmann, 1983) has a similar valve shape but a different ornamentation. Lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS73. Description. Occurrence. The tropites would be found . 2013 Acratia goemoeryi (Kozur, 1970); Monostori and Tth: 6-7, pl. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Description. Occurrence. L=270492m; H=150275m (see Fig. One complete carapace and one right valve. E-F: Bairdia andrecrasquini n.sp. Fossilworks: Tropites torquillus Sexual dimorphism present, expressed by the thickness of the posterior part of the carapace in heteromorphs. Pl. A species of Ptychobairdia with a short coarse reticulated carapace, strongly compressed and finely reticulated AB and PB and a central node. H=204293m; L=231306m. 1995 Bairdia (Urobairdia) angusta recta n.sp. The marine Triassic section of .America is unusually complete, and its thickness compares favorably with that of any other region. 1973 Renngartenella sanctaecrucis Kristan-Tollmann; Kristan-Tollmann and Hamedani: 215, 217219, pl. ; Kristan-Tollmann: 268, pl. } Gambanera. Tropites subbullatus (Hauer 1849) - Encyclopedia of Life Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late . (2002). Occurrence. Occurrence. F: Polycope baudiCrasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru (1996). The specimens are relatively abundant, silicified, well preserved and often preserved as complete carapaces. L: Bairdia sp. This species has a straight DB and presents a ridge at the dorso-median part of the RV. "useRatesEcommerce": false Virtual tours, the Pleistocene Epoch To go back to the dawn of the Holocene Epoch on our trans-continental time-trip, you don't need to travel very far. We cant do it here because we have not enough material and most of the discrimination between the genera were based on muscles scars which are not preserved in the present material. Tropites subbullatus (Hauer 1849) Tropites subbullatus is a species of cephalopods in the family Tropitidae. 2) starts with the Carnian Flysch (Auct.) Material. Of this amount, about 800 feet belong to the Lower Triassic, about 1,000 feet to the Middle Triassic, and about . The taxonomy, diversity, evolutionary lineages, and stratigraphical distributions of Middle and early Late Triassic conodonts are reviewed and reevaluated. zones are also compared to the upper subzone of the Tropites welleri zone in British Columbia and the upper part of the Tropites subbullatus in . 6/16. Some authors consider HungarellaMhes (1911) (which has no type materialGerry and Kozur (1973); but the Hungarian original material in under revision by E. Tth, pers. The Tropites subbullatus is from the Triassic period, the time following one of history's most significant mass extinction events that left a mere tenth of the planet's species intact. The specimens described by Forel et al. A species of Bairdia with an elongated carapace, flattened AB and PB, and a ventral ridge along the posterior part of the VB and PB. : 134, fig. It shows up in the Triassic period which is about 251 to 201 mya. B-C: Hungarella siciliiensis n.sp. 2018 Bairdia cf. ones. 1979 Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968); Lieberman: 103, pl. Recent Literature on Mesozoic Ammonites: Part VIII - JSTOR Similar taphonomic characteristics were also found by Pokorny (1964) and Oertli (1971) for pelitic layer associations deposited in basins with extremely rapid distal sedimentation. Ils appartiennent aux familles Healdiidae, Bairdiidae, Bythocyprididae, Acratiidae, Cytheruridae, Limnocytheridae, Candonidae, Cavellinidae, Polycopidae and Thaumatocyprididae. Origin and Evolution of Life Activity Introduction A virtual tour is a way to inform someone of the facts and details about a location or object that would otherwise be inaccessible. A species of Petasobairdia with a long reticulated carapace and elongated nodes at ADB and PDB of both valves. 4, figs. D. Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS56. Dimensions. Sediments were routinely washed, dried in oven and sieved. 14. Remarks. 2014 Renngartenella sanctaecrucisKristan-Tollmann (1973); Monostori and Tth: 29-30, pl.3, figs. The repository numbers are given as PMC (Palaeontological Museum Catania) O (Ostracods) X H (number of holotype) or X P (number of paratype) or FS X (Figured Specimen number) registration date. 1-2. 1012. 1921, 1971 Bairdiacypris triassica n.sp. Earlymiddle Anisian, Uzum Bair, Dobrogea, Roumania (Crasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru, 1996; Sebe et al., 2013); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). 2, figs. Pour la No new specific names are proposed but ample use is made of open nomen- . Ghaderi, Abbas Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS66. 1, fig. 1-2. 5, fig. Occurrence. 1963 Mirabairdia pernodosa n.sp. L=606760m; H=503533m (see Fig. Although the number of specimens is very low, the diversity is quite high with 10 determined families (plus 2 undetermined), 17 genera and 37 species. 5. A: Paracypris? 1982 Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968); Basha: pl. 1971 Simeonella brotzenorum alpina n.sp. Height (H)/length (L) diagram for Mockella barbroae n.sp. Pl 33, figs 1-7; pl 34, figs 1-14; pl 79, figs 1-10: 1927: Tropites subbullatus Smith: 1951: Tropites subbullatus Spath p. 88: 1977: Tropites subbullatus Liang p. 77 figs. Dimensions. 1. All the specimens are stored in the Palaeontological Museum of the University of Catania. 2I, 3C. 8C. 6. Height (H)/length (L) diagram for Ptychobairdia leonardoi n.sp. M-N: Kerocythere dittainoensis n.sp. Tropites, genus of extinct cephalopods (animals similar to the modern squid and octopus but with an external shell) found as fossils in marine rocks of the Late Triassic Period (from 230 to 208 million years ago). 1990 Renngartenella sanctaecrucisKristan-Tollmann (1973); Gerry et al. Paratype. Height (H)/length (L) diagram for Ptychobairdia iudicaensis n.sp. Tuvalian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). H=486533m; L=840948m. 18-19. Carapace subrectangular, almost equivalve; BD long and straight, presence of a ridge on each side of hinge; presence of an eye spot; AB with large radius of curvature with maximum located below mid-H, flattened laterally and smooth; VB almost straight; PB with small radius of curvature with maximum around mid H, upper and lower part quite straight; H max at anterior angle; L max at PB; sulcus more or less developed in anterior 1/3 of L; surface reticulated and ornamented with possible pustules and ridges: one lateral, thick, reaching from antero-ventral part of the carapace up to PB, ascending in posterior part; group of ventral ridges, one thick parallel to VB and several (at least three) below. Diagnosis. 14. C: holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O25 H 13/10/2019; D: paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O 81 P 13/10/2019. 2014 Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869); Monostori and Tth: 26, pl. : 134, fig. Parent taxon: Tropites according to Mojsisovics 1893. Late Carnian (Tropites dilleri zone), Mufara Formation, Sicily, Italy TuvalianCarnian (Crasquin et al., 2018) and TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). Etymology. The original stratification and the sedimentary structures have been completely destroyed because of continuous agricultural processing of the pelitic soils and their very consistency which determines frequent drifts and landslides. The ratios between these different morphologies have been used to characterize the depth of ate Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic environments since quite a long time (model of Lethiers and Raymond, 1991). All rights reserved. Dec 2016. Holotype. bilaterally symmetric. Scalpello (Crasquin et al., 2018) and at Mt. This modern theory then suggests that life originated on Earth by means of a rather slow evolution of nonliving matter. 1963 Urobairdia angusta n.g. ecomorphological guild. Keywords: Carnian stage, ammonoids, zones, Northeaste rn Russia DOI: 10.11 34 /S 1819714019 06 00 58 Right lateral view of a complete carapace, PCM O FS54. In the Subfamily Hungarellinae, seven genera have been described so far: TriadiohealdiaKristan-Tollmann (1971); AneisohealdiaKristan-Tollmann (1971); LabratellaGramm (1970); HungarellaMhes (1911); OgmoconchellaGrndel (1964) emend Michelsen (1975); SignohealdiaKristan-Tollmann (1971); TorohealdiaKristan-Tollmann (1971). Paratype. 1991 Acratia sp. 13. A foraminifera, conodont and palynomorph biostratigraphical analysis, allowed to attribute the levels of the Mufara Fm. The oldest Gondwanan cephalopod mandibles (Hangenberg Black Shale, Late Devonian) and the mid-Palaeozoic rise of jaws, Morphospace occupation of ammonoids over the DevonianCarboniferous boundary, A key for the description of Palaeozoic ammonoids, Quantification of ontogenetic allometry in ammonoids, Morphological pathways in the evolution of Early and Middle Devonian ammonoids, Conch form analysis, variability, morphological disparity, and mode of life of the Frasnian (Late Devonian) ammonoid, Cephalopods present and past: new insights and fresh perspectives, Palaeozoic ammonoidsdiversity and development of conch morphology, Cephalopod origin and evolution: a congruent picture emerging from fossils, development and molecules, New insights into the buccal apparatus of the Goniatitina: palaeobiological and phylogenetic implications, The role of ammonites in the Mesozoic marine food web revealed by jaw preservation, Die Goniatiten des Unterkarbons im Kantabrischen Gebirge (Nordspanien). L: length; H: height; W: width; RV: right valve; LV: left valve; DB: dorsal border; VB: ventral border; AB: anterior border; PB: posterior border; PVB: postero-ventral border; AVB: antero-ventral border; PDB: postero-dorsal border; ADB: antero-dorsal border. At the present specimens the BP is larger, the median ridge ends at the posterior lobe and doesnt reach the BP; an additional ridge is present below the lobes and the flanks are parallel in dorsal view. Palaeozoic genus TimorhealdiaBless, 1987). Because of its narrow time range, Tropites is a good index fossil (useful for stratigraphic correlations). E-mail: dieter.korn@mfn-berlin.de. Carnian ammonoid zones in Monte Scalpello (Crasquin et al., 2018) and Monte Gambanera (present study) (after Lucas, 2010 modified). 2, figs. Type species Petasobairdia bicornutaChen and Shi (1982). R: Simeonella brotzenorumSohn (1968). Tuvalian, Tropites dilleri zone (Crasquin et al., 2018), Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this work). has been analysed since the beginning of the nineteenth century by Calcara (1840, 1845), Nelli (1899a, b) and subsequently by Gemmellaro (1904), Scalia (1907a, b, 1909, 19101914), Maugeri Patan (1934) and Lentini (1974). The Triassic cephalopod genera of America - USGS G: holotype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O 24 H 13/10/2019; H: paratype, right lateral view of a complete carapace, PMC O 80 P 13/10/2019. Description. Diagnosis. Alternative combination: Ammonites subbullatus. 2. View Trophites Subbullatus.pdf from MATH 101 at Hart-Ransom Academic Charter School. monostoriiForel and Grdinaru (2018). We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. G: ?Polycope densoreticulataMonostori and Tth (2013). Dedicated to Leonardo Reitano, son of Agatino Reitano. Refering to the locus typicus Monte Gambanera, Sicily, Italy. Diagnosis. Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Tethyan (left) and central Mediterranean (right) areas during Late Triassic (after Di Stefano et al., 2015, modified). They are carnivores. Now, a sedimentary level which is stratigraphically higher than the previous one and referable to the Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones of the Tuvalian substage, has been identified at the western side of the Monte Gambanera, nine kilometres south of Monte Scalpello (Fig. ; Monostori: 324-325, text-fig. Ostracod assemblages associated with deep-water corals from the Pleistocene (early Calabrian - MNN19b and 19c biozones) sedimentary succession cropping out along the . Schematic palaeoenvironmental model for the late Carnian Mufara Formation basin (see also Fig. (1990) to be a stenohaline ostracod. Occurrence. Tropites subbullatus Hauer 1849 (ceratite) Cephalopoda - Ammonoidea - Tropitidae. The deep marine ostracod fauna discovered recently in the Carnian of Southern Turkey (Forel et al., 2017) or in the South China (Forel et al., 2019a) suggests a deepening of the Neo-Tethys basin towards the more eastern areas. Occurrence.Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this study). Carapace long (H/L0.4), reticulated, strongly laterally compressed along AB, AVB, VB, PVB, PB; DB long and straight at both valves; presence of an elongated node at ADB and PDB of both valves; LV with two big horns with large base at each extremities of DB. H=269296m; L=446488m. : fig. is very close to M. muelleriBunza and Kozur (1971) from the late Carnian of Tyrol, Austria (Bunza and Kozur, 1971) and the Carnian of Monte Cammarata, Sicily (Cafiero and De Capoa Bonardi, 1982). Tropites is characterized by a distinctive, easily recognizable, globular . in British Columbia and the upper part of th e Tropites subbullatus zone in the Alps. 2020. Thanks are due to Mr. Alfio Viola (Electronic Microscopy Laboratory, University of Catania) for SEM photos assistance. EOL has data for 8 attributes, including: Body symmetry. Remarks. Material. The present specimens are close to Ogmoconchella felsooersensis (Kozur, 1970) from the early Anisian of Hungary (Kozur, 1970, Monostori, 1995) and Romania (Sebe et al., 2013). 2, figs. Tropites torquillus Mojsisovics 1893 (ceratite) Cephalopoda - Ammonoidea - Tropitidae. B. Tropites, genus of extinct cephalopods (animals similar to the modern squid and octopus but with an external shell) found as fossils in marine rocks of the Late Triassic Period (from 230 to 208 million years ago). Typse species: Urobairdia austriacaKollmann (1963). 4) presents some morphological variability: overlap less important, at RV: the blade is located only at the ventral part of AB and occurrence of a small spine at the upper part of it, at LV: anteroventral blade seems to be also present. 1996 Bairdia (Rectobairdia) garciai n.sp. The repository numbers are given as PCM (Palaeontological Museum Catania) O (Ostracods) FS X (Figured Specimen number) registration date. ; Kristan-Tollmann: 196, pl. Material. Etymology. and OgmoconchaTriebel (1941) as synonyms (Moore, 1961; Anderson, 1964). Holotype. Omissions? Search for other works by this author on: Palaeoecological Research Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Catania University, S. Crasquin et al., published by EDP Sciences, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (. P. iudicaensis n.sp. One left valve, collection number PMC O 83 P 13/10/2019 (Plate 2H). M: Bairdia sp. Paratype. 2020. 5, figs. Ghanizadeh Tabrizi, Nahideh Dimensions. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Scale bars=200m. 5, 8. 1, fig. 3, figs. Origin and Evolution of life by cheyenne solis - Prezi 3/1. Subfamily Hungarellinae Kristan-Tollmann (1971). Morphologically, the left and right valves of Hungarella are asymmetrical contrary to those of Ogmoconcha (Kristan-Tollmann, 1977a, b; Lord, 1982): in the absence of observable central muscle scars, all Triassic occurrences of Ogmoconcha and Ogmoconchella are re-attributed to the genus Hungarella. 1970 Hiatobairdia subsymmetrica n. gen. Dimensions. They are carnivores. : 134, figs. 2019a Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869), Forel et al., in press, figs. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. B. Fossilworks: Tropites (Paratropites) Ostracods from Late Triassic (Tuvalian-Carnian) of Monte Gambanera, Sicily, Italy. 7O-P. Etymology. The Bairdiidae, the most abundant family in number of species (53%) and genera (37%) (Fig. Alternative combination: Ammonites subbullatus, Belongs to Tropites according to X. L. Liang 1977, See also Hyatt and Smith 1905, Smith 1927 and Spath 1951, Sister taxa: Tropites (Paratropites), Tropites acutangulus, Tropites arthaberi, Tropites brockensis, Tropites bufonis, Tropites dieneri, Tropites dilleri, Tropites discobullatus, Tropites ehrlichi, Tropites fusobullatus, Tropites hessi, Tropites involutus, Tropites izardi, Tropites kalapanicus, Tropites keili, Tropites keiliformis, Tropites kellyi, Tropites mojsvarensis, Tropites morani, Tropites morloti, Tropites payeri, Tropites reticulatus, Tropites rotatorius, Tropites rothpletzi, Tropites schellwieni, Tropites shastensis, Tropites stantoni, Tropites stearnsi, Tropites torquillus, Tropites ursensis, Tropites welleri, Tropites wodani, Environments: carbonate (1 collection), marine (1), Triassic of China (1 collection), Indonesia (1), Total: 2 collections each including a single occurrence. Resources https#:wwwbritannicacomanimalTropites . The rock surrounding the fossil would be as old as the tropites itself, and would be from the Late Triassic Period (208 to 230 million years ago). 1 in Crasquin and Horne). It is pointed out here that the sediments of the Mufara Basin at Monte Gambanera do not show vortex structures which were recognized in the Mufara Basin at Monte Scapello. In the same way, the carapaces of Acratiidae lengthen with depth (as example: Acratia goemeryiKozur (1970) from Early-Smithian- to Late-Carnian-Triassic; see Forel et al., 2017). Dimensions. ; Bunza and Kozur: 4-5, pl. This species doesnt show the ventral group of ridges but has one ridge at the AD part of the carapace following the AB. Ladinian to Carnian, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel (Sohn, 1968; Hirsch and Gerry, 1974; Gerry et al., 1990); Carnian, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria (Bunza and Kozur, 1971; Kristan-Tollmann and Hamedani, 1973); Carnian, Julian Alps, Italy (Lieberman, 1979; Keim et al., 2001); Carnian, Poland (Styk, 1958), Carnian, Jordan Valley, Jordan (Basha, 1982); Carnian, Balaton Highland, Hungary (Monostori, 1994; Monostori and Tth, 2014); TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this work). P. longispinosa (Kozur, 1971a, b, c) from Anisian of Slovakia (Kozur, 1971a), Anisian and Middle Triassic of Romania (Salaj and Jendrejakova, 1984; Crasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru, 1996; Sebe et al., 2013), Anisian of Austria (Mette et al., 2014), Ladinian of Hungary (Monostori and Tth, 2013) and Carnian of Southern Turkey (Forel et al., 2017) has a shorter DB and doesnt have AD and PD nodes. During the triassic period which is when the tropites were prevalent, they were found in the panthalassic ocean, paleo-tethys ocean, tethys, Perisphinctes tiziani and prolecanites gurleyi, This supports Darwin's theory of evolution, which states that simple life forms gradually evolved into more complex, View Geographical location of Monte Gambanera, Sicily, Italy and sample locality. 1978 Hiatobairdia subsymmetrica deformis n.sp. Massive carapace with a symmetric triangular shape; quite symmetric relative to H max; shape of left and right valves similar; LV is significantly larger than RV and radius of curvature of PB smaller than anterior one; LV overlaps RV all around the carapace with minimum at PVB; maximum of H located in front of or at mid L; maximum of L at mid H or a little below; VB quite straight; presence of a very fine flattening all around the AB of RV in blade shape; small spine more or less distinct at PVB of RV; dorsal view biconvex with valves almost symmetric in shape and W max at or just behind mid L; surface seems to be smooth. Dimensions. A New Ammonoid Zone of the Upper Carnian Substage in - Springer 47. H=440500m; L=826871m. 1958 Bairdia cassiana (Reuss, 1869); Styk: 171, fig. 7T-U, in press. One carapace, collection number PMC O 24H 13/10/2019 (Plate 1G). A. TuvalianCarnian, Tropites subbullatus/Anatropites spinosus zones, Monte Gambanera, Central-Eastern Sicily, Italy (this work). Sister taxa: Tropites acutangulus, Tropites arthaberi, Tropites brockensis, Tropites bufonis, Tropites dieneri, Tropites dilleri . Polycope baudiCrasquin-Soleau and Grdinaru (1996). Type species Ptychobairdia kuepperiKollmann (1960). 1971a Triebelina (Mirabairdia) pernodosa illyrica n.spp. 2HL, 2013 Bairdiacypris triassicaKozur (1971a, b, c); Monostori and Tth: 313-314, pl. Dimensions. Description. Belongs to Tropites according to J. P. Smith 1927. . A species of Mockella with a long subrectangular carapace and a well-developed rib all around the carapace. 5, figs. In other families, some genera also show different morphological adaptation from neritic to deep sea environments (Healdia, Microcheilinella etc. This species of Bairdia is characterized by the BD which is underlined by a blade, and by the reticulation of the carapace. Thirty-seven species are identified of which nine species are new: Hungarella forelae n.sp., Hungarella siciliiensis n.sp., Bairdia andrecrasquini n.sp., Bairdia gambaneraensis n.sp., Ptychobairdia iudicaensis n.sp., Ptychobairdia leonardoi n.sp., Petasobairdia jeandercourti n.sp., Kerocythere dittainoensis n.sp. cf. Carapace massive, high (H/L=0.6); surface reticulated; LV: Flattened laterally all around with maximum at DB and PB; BD strongly arched; AB with quite large radius of curvature and maximum at mid H; VB almost straight; BP with a very small curvature; two vertical sulci in dorsal part; LV strongly overlapping RV all around with maximum at BD. The morphology of the family changes from massive thick-shelled forms in nearshore environments to elongate thin-shelled forms beyond continental slope (particularly in genus Bairdia). This was a sea creature with a snail shell appearance because it's a shell with a spiral shape. The evolution classification, mode of life and geological usefulness of a major fossil group, 66-100: Tozer E. T. (1994) Canadian Triassic Ammonoid Faunas, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 467, 1-663: GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera . Goniatitina Hyatt, Wachstums-nderungen in der Ontogenese palozoischer Ammonoideen, Absolutes und relatives Wachstum bei Ammonoideen, Aptychen als Kieferelemente der Ammoniten, ber Nahrung und Ernhrungsweise von Ammoniten, Double function of aptychi (Ammonoidea) as jaw elements and opercula, The evolution and development of cephalopod chambers and their shape, Systema natur per regna tria natur, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Late Palaeozoic mollusc reproduction: cephalopod egg-laying behavior and gastropod larval palaeobiology, Aptychi: the myth of the ammonite operculum, Growth trajectories of some major ammonoid sub-clades revealed by serial grinding tomography data, The buccal mass of fossil and recent Cephalopoda, The Mollusca. 3. PaleoDB taxon number: 172750. Paratype. 14. 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